The galaxy luminosity function in clusters and the field     

Neil Trentham 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,294(2):193-200

We present the results from a CCD survey of the B -band luminosity function of nine clusters of galaxies, and compare them to published photographic luminosity functions of nearby poor clusters like Virgo and Fornax, and also to the field luminosity function. We derive a composite luminosity function by taking the weighted mean of all the individual cluster luminosity functions; this composite luminosity function is steep at bright and faint magnitudes and is shallow in-between.
All clusters have luminosity functions consistent with this single composite function. This is true both for rich clusters like Coma and for poor clusters like Virgo.
This same composite function is also individually consistent with the deep field luminosity functions found by Cowie et al. and Ellis et al., and also with the faint end of the Las Campanas Redshift Survey R -band luminosity function, shifted by 1.5 mag. A comparison with the Loveday et al. field luminosity function, which is well determined at the bright end, shows that the composite function, which fits the field data well fainter than M _B=−19, drops too steeply between M _B=−19 and −22 to fit the field data there.  相似文献   

The biconical kiloparsec structure generated by nuclear starbursts     

Guillermo Tenorio-Tagle  & Casiana Muñoz-Tuñón 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,293(3):299-305

Two-dimensional calculations of the hydrodynamics produced by nuclear starbursts, taking into consideration the accretion or infall of disc matter on to the heart of the starburst, are here shown to lead to stationary solutions that naturally account for the kpc-scale biconical X-ray and optically detected filamentary structure. The calculated flows are critically compared with former models and with observations of nuclear starbursts. For the infall models, we find that the mechanical energy power of the nuclear cluster must exceed a threshold value, imposed by the rate of disc mass accretion, to undergo blowout. This, combined with an initial mass function (IMF), is shown to regulate the minimum amount of mass that a starburst needs to generate kpc-scale outflows.  相似文献   

Dynamical behaviour of the primitive asteroid belt     

Adrián Brunini 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,293(4):405-410

In this paper we consider the dynamical evolution and orbital stability of objects in the asteroid belt. A simple physical model, including full gravitational perturbations from both giant planets, is used to compute the dynamical evolution of 1000 test particles simulating the primitive asteroids. The criterion of planet crossing (or close approach in the case of resonant objects) is used to reject particles from the simulation. 44 per cent of the particles survived for the whole time-span covered by the numerical integration (∼10⁹ yr).
The 4:1, 3:1 and to a lesser extent the 2:1 Kirkwood gaps are formed in ∼10⁷ yr of evolution, representing direct numerical evidence about their gravitational origin.
We found that the rms eccentricity and inclination of the sample experience a fast increase during the first 10⁶ yr. The final rms eccentricity is 0.11, ∼60 per cent smaller than the present rms eccentricity (0.17). Nevertheless, the gravitational action of the giant planets suffices to prevent the formation of large objects, allowing catastrophic collisions and the subsequent depletion of material from this zone of the Solar system. The excited eccentricity by Jupiter and Saturn may favour mutual encounters and the further increase of the relative velocities up to their present values.  相似文献   

The UVX quasar optical luminosity function and its evolution     

Pippa Goldschmidt  & Lance Miller 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,293(1):107-112

The recently finished Edinburgh UVX quasar survey at B <18 is used together with other complete samples to estimate the shape and evolution of the optical luminosity function in the redshift range 0.3< z <2.2. There is a significantly higher space density of quasars at high luminosity and low redshift than previously found in the PG sample of Schmidt & Green, with the result that the shape of the luminosity function at low redshifts ( z <1) is seen to be consistent with a single power law. At higher redshifts the slope of the power law at high luminosities appears to steepen significantly. There does not appear to be any consistent break feature which could be used as a tracer of luminosity evolution in the population.  相似文献   

Heavy-element abundances in seven SC stars and several related stars     

Abia  & Wallerstein 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,293(1):89-106

We employ spectra of resolution 20–35000 of seven SC stars, four S stars, two Ba stars and two K–M stars to derive abundances of a variety of elements from Sr to Eu relative to iron. Special attention is paid to Rb and Tc, and to the ratio of the heavy s-process species to the light s-process elements. Abundances are derived in LTE, both by using model atmospheres in which the carbon and oxygen abundances are nearly equal and by using curves of growth. Spectrum synthesis is used for critical lines such as the 5924-Å line of Tc and the 7800-Å line of Rb. For most of the heavy-element stars the enhancement of the s-process elements is about a factor of 10. The ratio of the heavy to light s-process species is not far from solar, except for RR Her for which the same ratio is +0.45 dex. For Tc the blending by other lines is severe. While we have probably detected the 5924-Å line, we can only present abundances in the less-than-or-equal-to category. For Rb, whose abundance is sensitive to the ⁸⁵Rb/⁸⁷Rb ratio and hence to the neutron density during s-process production, we find a considerable range of abundances, indicating a neutron density from 10⁶ to ≳10⁸ cm⁻³ for the SC stars. For the four S stars the range is from 10⁷ to ≳10⁸ cm⁻³. Recent calculations by Gallino et al. show that neutron densities near 10⁷ cm⁻³ favour the ¹³C source for neutrons, while densities greater than 10⁸ cm⁻³ may be associated with neutrons from the ²²Ne source.  相似文献   

环境污染及保护对策     

刘大任 《江西地质》1998,12(3):195-200

环境保护中一个非常重要的工作,是广泛深入地开展环境地质工作。在赣南、江西乃至全国,环境地质工作的主要内容是防治水土流失,严禁废渣、废水随意排放,控制人口激增,保护有限耕地;为保护生态平衡,必须加强环境立法与执法,提高环境保护的重要性和必要性的认识,大规模切实地保护耕地,因地制宜植树造林。  相似文献   

二华平原区环境地质问题与地下水资源开发   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

张茂省  杨培养  徐金龙 《陕西地质》1998,(1)

本文从二华平原区地下水动态特征以及与地下水开采有关的环境地质问题入手,研究人类工程活动与地质环境之间的相互作用和相互制约关系,预测地下水资源开发过程中可能出现的环境地质问题,提出合理开发利用地下水资源的意见。  相似文献   

塔里木盆地三大遗址群的兴衰与环境变化   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

王守春 《第四纪研究》1998,18(1):71-79

塔里木盆地中的三大遗址群都经历了公元前的兴起、1～3世纪的兴盛和发展,以及7世纪的废弃。它们的兴衰变化具有一定的同步性。这意味着导致水资源条件变化的原因是共同的,即气候变化,而不是人为因素。  相似文献   

阿拉善高原地下水的稳定同位素异常   总被引：19，自引：3，他引：16       下载免费PDF全文

顾慰祖 《水科学进展》1998,9(4):333-337

1987～1995年对降水、黑河水和古日乃草原地下水作了定位观测,在巴丹吉林沙漠水文探险中采集了沙漠和戈壁地下水及湖水.降水同位素组成δD～δ18O与Craig线相同,但发现了地下水的δD～δ18D关系平行于降水线且有氘盈余为负且达-22‰的异常,其成因不明.由地表、地下水环境同位素组成,分析了黑河治理规划实施后可能对地下水资源产生的工程影响,它近期不会成为古日乃草原沙漠化进程的因素,但对额济纳绿洲的影响却不容忽视.  相似文献   

环境污染调查中磁与电磁测量新技术的应用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

陈晦鸣  余钦范 《地学前缘》1998,5(2):237-245

探查和监测废弃埋藏物的污染状况是环境灾害调查的重要内容,而采用地球物理探测方法进行调查通常是最为经济、快速有效的。西方发达国家近年应用物探新方法技术在环境灾害监测、废弃埋藏物调查方面取得了很好的效果,为环境保护部门提供了可靠的资料。文中介绍美国最近几年采用高精度磁测和电磁测量进行浅层（埋深小于４ｍ）废弃金属埋藏物、战争遗留物（如炸弹）及化学污染物的调查新方法与新技术。研究结果表明,采用下列方法将有效地增强环境污染源的异常信号,提高物探方法在环境灾害调查中的探测能力：高分辨率的测量仪器,如精度达００１ｎＴ的航空磁力仪,进行数据采集并辅以ＧＰＳ定位;降低飞行高度、加密测网布置精细网格;采用校正和滤波等手段消除噪声干扰,并通过物理模拟和数值反演作出定量解释;航空磁测、电磁测量与地面磁梯度、地质雷达等不同方法配合等。  相似文献